Carbureter.



G. W. DON'NING.

v CARBURETER. APPLIcATmN meu JAN. 5. 1916.

Patented Mar. 12, i919v G.- w. DONNING.

CARBURETER. APPLICATION FILED .IAN-".5, 19| 6.

1,258,881 Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

- l 2 sains-sugar 2.

narran enanas rara f oran.

lGEORGE W. DONNING, OF STANFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOB 'lO.DOIN'IIl'IITGv CARBU- BETER CORPORATION, OF ESOPUS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

CABBUBETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. f2, 191%.

Application led January 5, 1.916. Serial No. 70,485.

1/'0 ZZ whom 'it may concern.'

Be it lniownthat I, GEORGE W. DONNING, a. citizen of the United States, residing at Stamford. in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut., have invented certain The primary7 object of the invention is tosimplif)y the construction of a carbureter 5 by cooperatively aggrouping certain adjustable features and parts (now usually remotelvY separated) and, thereby, making the construction conveniently manipulated, and increasing its efficiency and durability.

:o Another object is to provide automatic means for operating the air and fuel valves within certain and known limits,` so that as the degree of suction of the motor becomes less. the valves will assume new positions ir- !5 respective of the adjustment of the carbureter-throttle, thus tending to reduce the flow of fuel and air with resultant reduction to a 4minimum of the danger of flooding of the carbureter. n

Another object is to provide means, preferably in thel form of a thermostatic device,

to effect an automatic regulation of Certainv valves in the carbureter, in conjunction with means for developing a counteraction to the thermostatic device, such means also operating to effect a simultaneous-operation of the pet-cock of the fuel-nozzle. whereby it may be positioned for permitting the introduction of one or another .kinds of fuel into the carbureter.

The invention in general seeks to provide a structure of simple organization and one well adapted to meet the requirements of varying climatic conditions and is especially useful in automobiles, aeroplanes, motorboats, etc,

The invention resides, generally, in the structure, and in the details thereof, as hereinafter described. v

That the invention may be readily comprehended, I have illustrated a preferred embodiment thereof in the appended drawings forming a part of this disclosure, but

which are to be understood as illustrative merely and not as indicative of the limits of the invention.

In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a view in central vertical section of a carbureter including an embodiment of my invention, and as adapted particularly for use in connection with a motor, not shown;

iFig. 2 is a fragmentary view in elevation thereof;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view in top plan of the same, parts being broken away more clearly to show certain details;

Fig. 4 is a view in horizontal section on the line 4 4, Fig. 1; l Fig. 5 is a view in detail of a fuel and air controlling device forming a part of the carbureter structure; and

Fig. 6 is a view in detall, in section, on the l line 6-6, Fig. 5.

Referring to the drawings, it will be observed that the reference-character 1 designates, generally, the casing of a carbureter proper; 2 designates, generally, the casing of a manifold head connected to the carbureter into which the motor inlet manifolds 3 lead; an'd 4 designates an air conduit or heating `box connected to and leading into the lower portion 5 o f the carbureter, and which houses an extended, coiled portion of the exhaust 6.

The, carbureter' casing is divided into a mixing chamber 7 and an air inlet or chamloer 8. The outfiow of gaseous mixture from the chamber 7 is controlled by a throttlevalve 9 mounted on a shaft 10 whichV is operated in the usual manner.

Leading into the air inlet 8i'i's a fuelnozzle 11 provided exteriorly with a helical ridge 12 to catch any of the fuel that may overiow the discharge end 13 of the nozzle. The nozzle is formedY with a channel 14 witha which a Y-coupling 15 communicates, and which is provided with a two-way valve 16 adapted to control fuel-channels 17 and 18, and which provides means for introducing these two different grades or kinds of fuels, such as gasolene (through the channel 17) or kerosene (through the channel 18). In the channel 14 is disposed a guide-block 19 provided with one or more passages 20 through which the fuel flows from the coupling 15 into the channel 14. rllhe nozzle is controlled by a tapered valve member 21 which has an elongated st em 22 that is guided in a bore 23 formed 1n the guide-block 19. rllhe valve member 21 carries at its upper end a cap 24 which'has a sliding movement in relation to the valve member 21, and which movement 1s llmited by a yoke-piece 25 which extends through' and is moved by the cap and embraces a reduced portion 26 of the valve member, as clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and 1s adapted to abut against the head 26a on the upper end of the valve-member `21vwhen the lever 30, through the action of the throttle 9, 1s raised suficientl high. Upstanding from and integral wit the cap is a bifurcated extension 27 carrying a cross-pin 28 adapted to move in an arcuate slot 2,9 formed in one arm of a three-armed lever 30. @ne arm of this lever is pivotally connected to a slideelement 31 which is movably mounted in a` screw-plug 32 threaded into the carburetercasing 1, and projects beyond' the outside face of this plug and is provided with a manipulating-head rllhe guide-element is provided with a plurality of holes or recesses 34 into which a locking-pin 35 is adapted to project and thereby retain the slide-piece in any of a plurality of adjustable positions, the locking-pins being threaded into the screw-plug 32, 'as shown in Fig. l. Pivotally connected to another arm of the lever 30 is a link 36 which, at its upper end, is pivotally connected to the throttle-valve 9.' Sustained by a boss 37 formed on the valve-member 21 is 'an airconstrictor or disk 38, which, in this instance, is secured to the boss, though it may, in some embodiments, be loosely carried thereby. rThe constrictor normally seats on the upper end of the wall 39 which forms a part of the air inlet 8. Interposed between the lower end of the cap 24 and the constrictor 38 is a spring 40, having a normal tendency to displace the constrictor 38 and the valve 21 away from the cap when the throttle-valve 9 is actuated.

rThreaded into the carbureter casing, opposite the plug 32, is a second plug 41--and which is interchangeable with the plug 32- and in/which is seated pressure-relieving valve-member 42niovable outwardly, such movement being limited by a screw or pin 43 projecting from the plug into a slot.or recess 44 formed in one of three guide-extensions 42a in the valve. The valve is retained in position by a spring-pressed lever 45 pivoted on the outside of the carbureter casing, and which is also operable, manually, by a wire 46, here shown as broken 0H'. Encompassing the carbureter casing l is a jacket 47 (of suitable non-conducting material and incased by a metallic protector) which provides channels 48 into which a rastrear heating fluid, such as hot water, may be introduced to eect an initial warming of the chamber 52. llnterposed between the chambers is a reticulated element 53 held in place by lugs 54 extending inwardly 'from the walls of the casing.

rll`he motor inlet manifolds 3 are provided with Haring ends 55 which are held by correspondingly formed walls 56 of yscrew plugs 57 that are threaded into the manifold head casing 2, and` whereby the carbureter, in its entirety, is rigidly locked to the motor inlets 3 which are, as usual, connected to a motor, not shown. lln other words, the motor inlets 3 sustain the carbureter, and avoid the necessity of providing flanges, supporting brackets and the like for the carbureter.

Threaded into the manifold head 2 isla screw cap 58. Screwed into a depending portion of the screw-cap is a thermostat casing 59. Housed within the casing 52 is a guide-member 60 provided with an elongated bore 6l in which is mounted a plunger 62. r1`he upper portion of the member 60 is recessed, as at 63, for the reception of packing or the like. The plunger 62 is provided with circumferential grooves 64. yHoused As shown, the volatile fluid onlyv partially fills the casing, the unfilled portion 66 thereof containing air or the like, and which cooperates with the volatile fluid to cause the expansive action to actuate -the plunger, as already mentioned. Upstanding from the casing 2 is a post 67 on which is fulcrumed a. lever 68 that is pivotally connected to the upper end of the plunger 62 and', at its opposite end, to a link 69 which, in turn, is connected to a boss 70 upstanding from a valve member 7l which controls a port 7 2 formed in the-air-inlet 8. r1`he valve-member 71 is secured to a shaft 73 journaled in the walls of the air inlet 8. The shaft extends' beyond the outside surface of the walls of the air inlet and has secured thereto ,a link 74. Connected at one end to the link 74 is' a second with a cold-air conductor 80, which extends capped cup 81, by means of which gasolene or the like may be introduced into the cham ber 52 for initial priming purposes.

Loose on the Shaft 73 is a collar 82 (Figs. 2 and 3) and fast to this collar is an actuating arm 83. livotally connected to the actuating arm is a link 84 which, at its oppositeend, is pivotally connected to a link 85 carried by a stem 86 on whichl is mounted the two-way valve-16.

Attached to the collar 82 is an elongated curved spring 87 normally pressing lightly against. the .valve member 7l, as shown in Fi g. 2, but which is teusionable by the valvemember when the same is operated, in thev manner presently tol be described.

Operation: Assuming 'that the atmospheric conditions are moderately cold, that is, about at freezing temperature, a limited amount of gasol'eue may be introduced through the cup 81 into the chamber 52, for initial priming, iu the usual way. if, however, the atmospheric conditions are nearer zero or below, a heating fluid, such as hot water, may be introduced through the capped elbow into the channels 48, whereby the carbureter and its contained instrumentalities may be given an initial warming. For ordinary temperatures, from 50 up, the initial priming or warmingmay be omitted.

if gasolene, for example, is to be utilized in the carbureter, the actuating arm 83 is moved so Aas to permit the gasolene to flow through the channel 17 from a suitable source of supply (not shown) and through the passages 2O into the channel 14, wherein it is retained by the valve 21, the latter being in its closed position. rlhen, the throttle-valve is opened to starting position ofthe motor. rl`he movement of the valve will, through the link 36 and lever 30, raise the cap 24, thus permitting the expansion of the spring 40V and, owing to the lost motion permitted between the cap 24 and the portion 26 of the valve-member 21, thevlatter and the air-constrictor will, by their own weight, remain seated.

The motor. having been started, it will create a suction through the carbureter, and

: this will raise the air-constrictor and the valve against the spring 40 and thereby open the fuel-nozzle for the outflow therethrough of the fuel which has been housed in the channel 14. The air passing through the air inlet 8, under the suction aforementioned, commingles with the fuel in the mixing chamber 7 and the resulting mixture then passes by the throttle 9 into the c0111- mingling chamber 51, and the-nce into the chamber 52 where it will be effective upon the contents of the thermostat casing before it passes into the motor manifolds 3 and thence into the motor. Obviously, when-the throttle-valve 9 is opened wider, it

Awill, through the link 36 and lever 30, raise the cap 24 so that the yoke 25 will engage' the head 26a and raise the fuel-valve 21,

thus moving it beyond the limit of the lostmotion of the cap on the upper end of the fuel-valve and thereby effect a lifting-action of both the fuel-valve and the valve 38 to permit an increased volume of fuel and air to enter the mixing-chamber. The ignition of the mixture in the motor, with resultant outflow therethrough of the heated gases into the vexhaust 6, effects a heating of the air within the heating box 4-the coiled forni of the extension providing for an enlarged heating area within the heating box. rEhe temperature of the air in the heating box 4 being gradually raised, due to the heating action of the coils, passes into the air-intake 8 and thereafter will be utilized to combine 'with the fuel to produce an effective gaseous mixture. The rising teinperature of the air naturally makes the saine more effective upon the therlnostatic device. `W hen such temperature has reached a predetermined degree, the bthermostatic.device will become operative and the plunger 62 thereof will, under the influence of the therinostatic fluid, be raised to actuate the lever 68 and link 69 to open the valve-meinbers 71 and 78. The flow of heated air through the heating box 4 is checked by the inflow of cold air through the port 8O into the air-inlet 8. The inward movement of the valve-members 71 and 7 8 produces either a partial or complete closure within the portion and partly or completely cheeks the flow of heated air thereinto from the heating box 4, such heated air then passing out through the port 72.

AvWhen, however, the air in the air-inlet has become sufficiently chilledl to reduce the -A temperature within the chamberl 52 and thereby cause the volatile fluid to recede, with a resultant dropping of the plunger G2such movement being accelerated by the spring 87-the latter will e'ect an actuation in the opposite direction of the lever 68 and link 69 to close thevalve-members 71 and 78, whereupon heated air from the heating box 4 will pass into the air-inlet 8, thence into the mixing chamber 7, and thence into the chamber 52. The opening of the valve-member 71, pressing against the spring 87, tensions it so that it will react, when the thermostatic plunger 62 drops, to close thevalve-memloers 71 and 78.

If kerosene is to be utilized in the carbu reter, the actuating arm 83 is moved to open the valve for the infiow of the kerosene through the channel 18 ard to close the channel 17. The movement of the arm 83 forces the ,spring 87 against the' valve-inem- Y ber 7l to increase its tension. lin conseplunger 62. Kerosene, being of lower specie gravity, requires a higher heat to edect vaporization inv the mixing chamber 7; consequently, they thermostatic device must not 'actuate as soon as 'it does where gasolene is employed. The retarded movement of the thermostatic device and, thus, of the valvemembers 7l and 7 8, permits the air from the heating-box l to be raised to a higher degree before passing into the air-inlet 8 because it is not checked by the inflow of cold air y through the port 79.

vsymbols Gf and KW-indicative or gaso- As a guide to the operator, 'the indicating iene and kerosenm respectivelymay be placed on the side ,of the carburetor in juxtaposition to the relative positions of the actuating arm 83. llt is to beunderstood that the operation of the actuating arm 83 to tension the spring 87 `simultaneously opcrates the coupling-valve 16, thus insuring the introduction of the desired fuel-gasolene or .keroseneto correspond with the adjustment of the temperature-control, corn prising the'thermostatic device and theparts operated thereby. ln the absence or a connection between the actuating-arm 83 and the coupling-valve, the operator might inadvertently set the temperature-control for the wrong kind 0l fuel.

ln the event of a preignition of the mixture and a back-firing of the carbureter, and in vorder to relieve the consequent strain upon the air-constrictor 38,' etc., the valve 42 is blown outwardly and thereby reduces the pressure within the mixing-chamber 7. Moreover, the lost motion permitted between the cap 24 and the valve 2l permits such pressure to actuate the constrictor 38 and thereby seating the constrictor and the fuel-valve 21, shuttingod the flow'of fuel and thus preventing the i within the carburetor. This obviates the danger of fires within the carbureter, which nowadays are quite common in other types of carbureters. ln the event that the operator desires to add more air to the mixingchamber 7 to thin the mixture therein, he may, by the wire 46, open the valve '42 for )this purpose.

Initially to adjust the carburetor A, for proper action in conjunction with `the motor, the setting of the slide member 31 changesthe fulcrum point ot the lever 3() so that the operation of the throttle-valve 9 ezdects a greater or less movementoi the fuel and air-valves 2l and 38, respectively. en once adjusted, the slide is locked by Vthat ll have succeeded the load or work is imposed on the motor,

ition of fuel' i passeer vice, thus insuring the iniiow into the mixing-chamber ci a fairly even tempered air 7u under all conditions,l which obviates .thevv uecessity of. Y increasing or. decreasing the amount or iuel, as usual. l 1

From the toregoing it will be perceivedy in devising a ca bureter-structure which well adapted'fto achieve the several objects and ends in view. TheY structure is simple `and compact in form, and-it is so constructed as Cto permit ofty its ready application to existing forms oi engines.

ln the event that a given motor is running DIY..

. light, that is, tree ont load,`the tendency oir the motor would be to increase yin speed and, thus,\the suction of air about valve 88 is `increased. This would litt the valve against the tension el the spring e0, irrespective ont any predetermined adjustment of the throttle-valve 9; but, the moment that the tendency vot the motor would be to slacken and, to avoid a waste of luci, the constrlctor, is designed (through .action ci the spring 40 and its weight) to lower the 'fuel-valve 2l into the nozzle ll. thus reducing the quantity of fuel owmg therefrom. y

As many changes can be made in the construction and many widely dierent embodir ments of the invention can be made without loo departing from the spirit thereof, it is in-, l tended that all matter contained in the tore'- i going description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in any limiting sense, los and that the language employed in the tollowing claims is intended to cover the generic aswell as the specic features of the invention. f

What l claim is: i

l. A carburetor including a chamber, a throttle-valve for controlling the passage llt) , through the chamber, connected fuel and alr valves, a connection between the throttlevalve and the connected valves whereby M5 the latter may be operated by the throttletle-valve is permitted.

4. A carbureter including a chamber, a throttle-valve therein, connected fuel and air controlling valves, means active thereon for effecting their movement away from the throttle-valve, and means connected to the throttle and connected valves for lifting the latter.

5. A carburetor including a chamber, av

throttle-valve therein, air and fuel controlling valves, means including a resilient instrumentality for effecting relative movement between the throttle-valve and the controlling valves, and an adjusting device common to the throttle and the controlling valves andy extending beyond the walls of the chamber and operable outside of the Vcarbureter for varying the extent of movement of both the' air-controlling valve and the fuel-controlling valve relatively to the movement of the throttle-valve.

6. Al carburetor including a chamber, a throttle-valve therein, an air-controlling valve, a fuel-controlling valve, means yoperatively associated-with the throttle-valve and with the air and fuel-controlling valves .and including an adjusting device common to the throttle and the controlling valves and extending beyond the walls of the cliamber and operable outside of the earbureter for varying the extent of movement of the air and fuel-controlling valves simultaneously and relatively, and resilient means for governing movement of the controlling valves.

7. A carbureter including a chamber, a throttle-valve therein, an air-controlling valve, instrumentalities disposed 'entirely Within the carbureter-chamber for co-actively connecting the throttle and air-controlling valves, means including a slidable adjusting device common t0 both valves for varying the extent of movement of the aircontrolling valve relatively to the movement a fuel-nozzle in the air-chamber, a fuel-controlling valve operative in the fuel-nozzle and operatively associated with the yieldable -valve, a throttle-valve operatively associated with the yieldable valve, and means interposed between the throttle-valve and yieldable valve whereby, when the throttlevalve is actuated, the yieldable and fuelcontrolling valves are likewise operated.

9. A carbureter including a mixing-chamber, a juxtaposed air-chamber, a yieldable valve between the chambers for controlling the iow of air from the air-chamber into the mixing-chamber, a fuel-nozzle extending into the air-chamber, a fuel-controlling valve adapted to be seated in the fuel-nozzle and operativel associated with the yieldableJ valve, a t rottle-valve for controlling the outflow of the contents of the mixingchamber, a connection between the throttlevalve and the yieldable valve includin a valve-sustaining arm, and a slide mem er connected to the arm for ositioning it in relation to the axis of rotation of the throttle-valve. Y

10. A carburetor including a mixinglchamber, an air-chamber, means for controlling the ow of air from the air-chamber to the mixing-chamber including a yieldable plate, a throttle-valve, and connecting means between said throttle-valve and said yieldable plate including a shiftable arm and a slide-member for manually moving said arm.

11. A carbureter including a mixingchamber, an air-chamber, means for controlling the iiow of air fromsaid air-chamber into said mixing-chamber including a valve-device comprising a yieldable plate, a throttle-valve for controlling the outflow of a gaseous, mixture from said mixingchamber, and means for actuatino said yieldable plate comprising a shiftable arm, a link between the arm and the throttle, valve, and a manually-operated slide-member connected to the arm.

l2. A carburetor including a chamber', a A

throttle-valve at one end thereof, an aircontrolling valve at one side of and actuatable by the throttle-valve, a fuel-valve associated with and actuatable by the throttlevalve, a fuel-nozzle controlled by the fuelvalve, and means interposed between the throttle and air-controlling valves and tending to displace the air-controlling valve away from the throttle-valve.

13. A carbureter including a chamber, a throttle-valve for controlling a gaseous mixture therefrom, an air-controlling valve connected to the throttle-valve but having movement in one direction independently thereof under the influence of a suction-action in the chamber, a fuel-valve also connected to the throttle-valve and in relation to which throttle-valve the air-controlling valve has independent movement, whereby the How of air into the chondbei moy outometiooli be auented without operation of the t notizie-Valvel and o connection disposed within the corbuieter-ohombei and ussooiated with the air-oontroilin valve and the fuel-valve for unison of action thereof in one direction...

14e A oorbuietei including e, chamber, o throttle-Volw for controlling the )dow therefrom oit o gaseous mixtune, un ein-controiiing valve, oonneotinw means between the .valves whereby the dir-eontioiiing Valve is ootuoted in one direction simuiteneousiy with the throttle-valve, yieldeioie means, toetween the throttle-valve und the oir-@ontwiling waive, whereby the air-controlling miv@ may hei/'e movement in one direction independently of the movement oi' position out the throttle-Vabre, and .e tuei-oonti'oiiing vulve eotuetabie io the throttle-vette und oeeooioted with t e oir-oontroiiing votive ineeeei ond open/obte thereby when the se is eetuoted under the initiuenoe ot e suction-eetion in the ohnnitoen i5. ln a, centimeter, e chombei therein, o throttle-valve for controlling ow therefrom of a, gaseous mixtui'e, e exibie siii'- oonti'oiiing device :ton governin the passage of o duid into said @bomber en adept/ed to be actuated by a suction lnotion within the chamber, e fuel-nozzie extending into the cniburetei', a, inet-controlling Valve ltinei'eini` connected to the oie-controlling device, ond connections between the throttle-Valve, the oir-controlling Valve, und the uei-contnoiling veive foi' eiieoting unison oit notion ot these wives, v

Jin testimony wheneoic t omg my signature in presence of two witneseesl GERGE W. DNNXNG. Witneeeesz i e Ennunn Hi, i? Y? deines Amie., 

